Politics

African governments increasingly prioritize human development as a cornerstone of economic transformation, yet the continent continues to grapple with persistent gaps in education, healthcare, and social protection systems. The interplay between demographic pressures, resource constraints, and institutional capacity shapes the trajectory of social policy across diverse national contexts. Education Systems Under Strain Sub-Saharan Africa confronts the world's largest education access deficit, with millions of children remaining out of school despite constitutional guarantees of free primary education in most countries. The challenge extends beyond enrollment figures to encompass quality concerns, teacher shortages, and inadequate infrastructure that limit learning outcomes across the region. Higher education expansion represents both an opportunity and a burden for...

Kester Onor, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs - Nigeria’s former president, Muhammadu Buhari, who died in London on 13 July aged 82, was one of two former military heads of state who were later elected as civilian presidents. Buhari was the military head of state of Nigeria from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985 and president from 2015 to 2023. The other Nigerian politician to have been in both roles is former president Olusegun Obasanjo . He was a military ruler between 1976 and 1979 and elected president between 1999 and 2007. Buhari led Nigeria cumulatively for nearly a decade....